Comparison of Pavlov vs Bandura. - 2096 Words

We use the term classical conditioning to describe one type of associative learning in which there is no contingency between response and reinforcer. This situation resembles most closely the experiment from Pavlov in the 1920s, where he trained his dogs to associate a bell ring with a food-reward (Ryle 1995). In such experiments, the subject initially shows weak or no response to a conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. the bell), but a measurable unconditioned response (UCR, e.g. saliva production) to an unconditioned stimulus (UCS, e.g. food). In the course of the training, the CS is repeatedly presented together with the UCS; eventually the subject forms an association between the US and the CS. In a subsequent test-phase, the subject will†¦show more content†¦What Watson realized was that Albert was responding to the white beard Watson had at the time (Howard 2001). Thus, the fear evoked by the white, furry, rabbit had generalized to other white, furry things, like Watsons bear d. Behaviorism overall is a good scientific theory. It is simple and parsimonious, with the approach of cause-and-effect idea. Therefore, it is not necessary to invent hidden processes of learning (e.g.. Freud) to explain why behavior happens. The behaviorists believed that behavior is caused by environmental events (stimuli, reinforcers). With this idea, it cannot be controlled. Behaviorism is deterministic, as we do not control our own actions, and so therefore cannot be responsible for them. However, it becomes possible for others to control our behavior by manipulation of environmental events (Vancouver 2001). Behaviorism assumes that human behavior should be studied using the same methods applied in the physical sciences - that assuming psychology should restrict itself to studying only those things that can be studied directly. In this way, it means that anything that cannot be observed cannot be studied and that w cannot fully explain human behavior and the complications behind it. Williams (2002) added that although stimuli, response and reinforcement are essential in behaviorist explanation of behav ior, they areShow MoreRelatedInnate Theory : Innate Factors1258 Words   |  6 Pagesinnate factors need to be considered in order to explain our behaviour. Throughout the essay I will look at key branches of psychology which contribute to our behaviour. I will also compare and contrast both heritable and environmental factors, this comparison will enable me to uncover the level of importance within heritability. We are led to believe that one gene can contribute to a behavioural trait, most people are unaware of the extensive biological engineering of our genes ‘humans have 23 pairsRead MoreLearning Concepts and Research Approaches1337 Words   |  6 Pagesdraws the interest of psychologists who explore the prospect of reaping the greatest benefit from the human capacity to learn. This effort requires a description of the concept of learning, distinguishing between learning and performance, and a comparison/contrast of the conceptual approaches to the study of learning. Whereas learning affects behavior, understanding how people learn and adapt can enable productive learning and may facilitate enhanced lifespan development. Concept of Learning LearningRead MorePsychology14463 Words   |  58 Pagesresearch using constructs proposed to represent the operation of basic human needs, we instead review much more selectively the current state of theories about basic human needs, with a little historical context. We have chosen six theories for comparison. All of these theories have been given extensive explication and review elsewhere, so we will focus particularly on how these theories are structured and at what level of analysis they are designed to apply. We will find a little agreement but perhapsRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 Pagescontent of the curriculum are shown in its historical development . 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS A. Behaviorist Psychology (20th century) – included the following behaviorists: Edward Thorndike Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner Albert Bandura Robert Gagne 5 learning outcomes: intellectual skills – knowing how Information or knowing what Cognitive strategies or learning skills Read MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagescognitive processes. Exercises 1. Fill in the chart below. |School of Thought |Important Theorist(s) |Main Ideas | |Behaviorism |B.F Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, James B. |-Organisms repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes; | | |Watson |Freewill is just an illusion. | | |