What Is Synesthesia Definition and Types

The term synesthesia comes from the Greek words  syn, which means together, and  aisthesis, which means sensation. Synesthesia is a perception in which stimulating one sensory or cognitive pathway causes experiences in another sense or cognitive pathway. In other words, a sense or concept is connected to a different sense or concept, such as smelling colors or tasting a word. The connection between pathways is involuntary and consistent over time, rather than conscious or arbitrary. So, a person experiencing synesthesia doesnt think about the connection and always makes the exact same relationship between two sensations or thoughts. Synesthesia is an atypical mode of perception, not a medical condition or neurological abnormality.  A person who experiences synthesthesia over a lifetime is called a  synesthete.   Types of Synesthesia There are many different types of synesthesia, but they may be categorized as falling into one of two groups: associative  synesthesia and projective synesthesia. An associate feels a connection between a stimulus and a sense, while a projector actually sees, hears, feels, smells, or tastes a stimulation. For example, an associator might hear a violin and strongly associate it with the color blue, while a projector might hear a violin and see the color blue projected in space as if it were a physical object. There are at least 80 known types of synesthesia, but some are more common than others: Chromesthesia:  In this common form of synesthesia, sounds and colors are associated with each other. For example, the musical note D may correspond to seeing the color green.Grapheme-color synesthesia: This is a common form of synesthesia characterized by seeing graphemes (letter or numerals) shaded with a color. Synesthetes dont associate the same colors for a grapheme as each other, although the letter A does appear to be red to many individuals. Persons who experience grapheme-color synesthesia sometimes report seeing impossible colors when red and green or blue and yellow graphemes appear next to each other in a word or number.Number form: A number form is a mental shape or map of numbers resulting from seeing or thinking about numbers.Lexical-gustatory synesthesia: This a rare type of synesthesia in which hearing a word results in tasting a flavor. For example, a persons name might taste like chocolate.Mirror-touch synesthesia: While rare, mirror-touch synesthesia is notewort hy because it can be disruptive to a synesthetes life. In this form of synesthesia, an individual feels the same sensation in response to a stimulus as another person. For example, seeing a person being tapped on the shoulder would cause the synesthete to feel a tap on the shoulder too. Many other forms of synesthesia occur, including smell-color, month-flavor, sound-emotion, sound-touch, day-color, pain-color, and personality-color (auras). How Synesthesia Works Scientists have yet to make a definitive determination of the mechanism of synesthesia. It may be due to increased cross-talk between specialized regions of the brain. Another possible mechanism is that inhibition in a neural pathway is reduced in synesthetes, allowing multi-sensory processing of stimuli. Some researchers believe synesthesia is based on the way the brain extracts and assigns the meaning of a stimulus (ideasthesia). Who Has Synesthesia? Julia Simner, a psychologist studying synesthesia at  of the University of Edinburgh, estimates at least 4% of the population has synesthesia and that over 1% of people have grapheme-color synesthesia (colored numbers and letters). More women have synesthesia than men. Some research suggests the incidence of synesthesia may be higher in people with autism and in left-handed people. Whether or not there is a genetic component to developing this form of perception is hotly debated. Can You Develop Synesthesia? There are documented cases of non-synesthetes developing synesthesia. Specifically, head trauma, stroke, brain tumors, and temporal lobe epilepsy may produce synesthesia. Temporary synesthesia may result from exposure to the psychedelic drugs mescaline or LSD, from sensory deprivation, or from meditation. Its possible non-synesthetes may be able to develop associations between different senses through conscious practice. A potential advantage of this is improved memory and reaction time. For example, a person can react to sound more quickly than to sight or may recall a series of colors better than a series of numbers. Some people with chromasthesia have perfect pitch because they can identify notes as specific colors. Synesthesia is associated with enhanced creativity and unusual cognitive abilities. For example, synesthete Daniel Tammet set a European record for stating 22,514 digits of the number pi from memory using his ability to see numbers as colors and shapes. Sources Baron-Cohen S, Johnson D, Asher J, Wheelwright S, Fisher SE, Gregerson PK, Allison C, Is synaesthesia more common in autism?, Molecular Autism, 20 November 2013.Marcel Neckar; Petr Bob (11 January 2016). Synesthetic associations and psychosensory symptoms of temporal epilepsy. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. National Institutes of Health (NIH). 12: 109–12.Rich AN, Mattingley JB (January 2002). Anomalous perception in synesthesia: a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (Review). 3 (1): 43–52.Simner J, Mulvenna C, Sagiv N, Tsakanikos E, Witherby SA, Fraser C, Scott K, Ward J (2006). Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences. Perception. 35: 1024–1033.

The Difference Between Women And Women - 1346 Words

Women throughout history has always had some sort of disadvantage to our male counterparts. Whether it was a difference in job opportunities and pay rates, with the prevalence of double standards, or not having the right to vote like men were able to do. Women were always seen as inferior to men, but being African American and a woman, had much more to endure than that of white women. African American women had to be strong willed, not knowingly that this characteristic of black women and their identities has been shaped by that of slavery. In this paper I will discuss the history of slavery, the difference of gender labor roles in slavery, the importance of women slavery, the treatment differences of African men and women and the effect†¦show more content†¦Many that were enslaved because they were prisoners of war or because of a crime that was committed. The prevalence of female slaves were more common in the African internal slave trade (Robertson Klein 5). In some cas es, women were bought at higher prices than that of men (Robertson Klein 5). The demand for female slaves in Africa was so strong that â€Å"slave hunters often neglected men or massacred them on the battle field† (Robertson Klein 56). During slavery, there was an apparent disproportion of women being imported and exported. Out of the 60,000 slaves that was exported through the Atlantic Slave Trade to the West Indies during the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth centuries, only 38 percent of them were women (Robertson Klein 30). Gaspar and Hein stated: In the Americas more African men than women were imported, primarily because Africans exported more men than women by a ratio of about two to one. A secondary reason for importing more male slaves was the European belief that the field labor was men’s work and men were stronger than women. The irony of this perception is that while men may be more muscular than women, in Africa it was the women who did and do most of the routine heavy hauling. (22) There are differences of when women and men begin working in their lives. Girls began working at younger ages. The average girl began her working life entirely or partially in the house but ended up in the fields, while the

Essay on The Kiss of the Fur Queen - 1398 Words

Thomson Highway’s The Kiss of the Fur Queen has a core theme of art. In this novel, art is integrated into the lives of the characters. The modernist movement would indicate that art has the ability to plainly exist â€Å"art of arts sake†. Peter Lamarque notes â€Å"To value a work for its own sake is to value it for what it is in itself, not for the realization of some ulterior ends.† (par. 19) This commonly accepted view, that art is valued because it is great art, not for the role or function that it has in society, restricts arts impact. This perspective limits and does not allow for the surfacing of profound effects that art creates. In the Kiss of the Fur Queen, art has power it does not simply exist but has function. The observable function†¦show more content†¦Later Jeremiah stumbles on a similar scene of a bar that contains â€Å"men and women, all dark skin, of hair, of eye, like Jeremiah, all drunk and senseless, unlike Jeremiah.† (10 5). Peering into these â€Å"oozing† â€Å"filthy† (105) doorways he is reminded of the â€Å"great chart with tunnels and caves and forbidden pleasures† (105). The work of art that was viewed at a young age educated him on cultural stereotypes. Jeremiah made the association with people of color and hell that continued into adolescence. This association went far enough that as Jeremiah passed that bar he looked for the â€Å"horned creatures† (105) inside. This is a specific example that demonstrates that art can function as an educational tool. A less concert extension of this is â€Å"The Hell Hotel† (130). This image continues to associate native people with â€Å"madness [and] drinkers† (130). Again Jeremiah learned at a young age, though art, a cultural association. This image not only has the â€Å"B apparently dammed to H by mechanical malfunction† (130) but also has the First Nations people dammed to Hell from a yearly associa tion of art. In The Kiss of the Fur Queen a significant piece of art that was used as a teaching tool was the poster of heaven and hell. This art intentionally taught about Theology and inadvertently embedded damaging cultural associations towards Native Peoples. Secondly, although art can function to educate it can also function towards providing identity. Art enablesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Kiss of the Fur Queen1153 Words   |  5 PagesIn Kiss of the Fur Queen, the story begins with forty-three year old Cree hunter Abraham Okimasis winning the 1951 Millington Cup World Championship Dog Derby. (6) The victory is seen to have a significant effect on the Cree hunters Native identity, as he becomes the first-ever Indian to succeed in the Derby. As time goes by, Abraham becomes the father of two sons, Jeremiah and Gabriel. 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The Importance of Media Nowadays Essay Sample free essay sample

In my sentiment. media has become an of import thing some people can’t unrecorded without. It has besides become a portion of their life. Each of us has watched Television at least one clip in our lives. First of all. shows are interesting and exciting. You can happen out a batch of imformation from the media. If you watch intelligence. you’ll know what happens in your metropolis. your state. or abroad. Besides. you will happen out some determinations taken by the Parliment or some adopted Torahs. Furthermore. you can be up to day of the month with everything happen and everyone knows that it’s non in vain to happen out more information. Why? Because you don’t cognize how much it affects you. Second of all. if you have a Television. it is impossible to acquire bored.The most of import thing is to cognize what sort of shows to take. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Media Nowadays Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each of them has its appeal but some of them are non to be watched because you waste your clip. But I’ve spoken merely about the good parts. Some people argue that media has its ain disadvantages. Well. I agree to them. Each of us has to utilize Television reasonably. No 1 has to watch it every hr. You have to maintain a balance between your day-to-day activities. So. Television can be harmful for your eyes. You can acquire a illness and you’ll be worse and worse until you have to have on spectacless. To sum up. we have to state that media is one of the best achievments worlds discovered. But. like I said. we don’t have to pass all our clip watching Television.